General

IRR

Calculate the internal rate of return on a series of cash flows.

Advanced

Introduction

Who this is for: Investors and analysts comparing returns across investments with different timings.

Why it matters: IRR is the discount rate at which NPV equals zero — effectively the annualised return the investment delivers. It is the standard institutional comparison metric.

Typical scenario: A developer comparing a two-year development against a five-year income investment.

Common mistakes:
  • Using IRR alone on projects of very different sizes — a high IRR on a small investment may create less wealth than a lower IRR on a large one.
  • Forgetting IRR assumes interim cash flows are reinvested at the IRR itself, which is often unrealistic.
  • Applying it to cash flows that change sign more than once, where multiple IRRs can exist.

Inputs

Cash Flows

£
£
£
£
£
£

Comparison

%

Analysis

The IRR is 10.23%, against a hurdle of 12% — below hurdle by 1.77 percentage points. The equity multiple is 1.54x.

This analysis provides context, not financial advice. Consult a qualified adviser before making investment decisions.

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Sensitivity Analysis

Sensitivity

Adjust the variables below to stress-test this scenario. Results update instantly.

£500,000
£1£1,000,000
£620,000
£-10,000,000£1,240,000

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Live Results

IRR

10.23%

Against Hurdle

Below hurdle

Equity Multiple

1.54x

Total Profit

£272,000

IRR of 10.23% is below your 12% hurdle rate.
Total Returned£772,000
Margin Over Hurdle-1.77%