General

NPV

Discount a stream of future cash flows to present value.

Advanced

Introduction

Who this is for: Investors appraising multi-year cash flows where timing matters.

Why it matters: Money received in five years is worth less than money today. NPV is the standard way to compare investments with different cash flow timings — a positive NPV means the investment beats your required return.

Typical scenario: An investor comparing a property producing steady income against one with a large exit gain in year five.

Common mistakes:
  • Using a discount rate that does not reflect the risk of the specific investment.
  • Discounting nominal cash flows at a real rate, or vice versa — they must match.
  • Treating a positive NPV as a guarantee rather than a conditional result of the assumptions.

Inputs

Investment

£
%

Annual Cash Flows

£
£
£
£
£

Analysis

Discounting the cash flows at 8% gives a present value of £547,186 against an investment of £500,000 — an NPV of £47,186. Discounting reduces the headline total by £224,814, which is the cost of waiting.

This analysis provides context, not financial advice. Consult a qualified adviser before making investment decisions.

Create a free account to keep this analysis, compare it against other projects, and pick up where you left off on another device.

Create free account →

Sensitivity Analysis

Sensitivity

Adjust the variables below to stress-test this scenario. Results update instantly.

£500,000
£0£1,000,000
8%
030
£620,000
£-10,000,000£1,240,000

Export

Live Results

Net Present Value

£47,186

PV of Inflows

£547,186

Profitability Index

1.09x

Verdict

Exceeds required return

Undiscounted Total£772,000
Effect of Discounting£224,814